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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrex (programming language)</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Pyrex</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Greg Ewing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">3 April 2002<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2002-04-03</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Pyrex_ANN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pyrex_ANN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.9.9
/ 12 April 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-04-12</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/">www<wbr>.cosc<wbr>.canterbury<wbr>.ac<wbr>.nz<wbr>/~greg<wbr>/python<wbr>/Pyrex<wbr>/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Pyrex</b> is a <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> for creating <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> <a href="Module_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Module (programming)">modules</a>. Its syntax is very close to Python and it makes it easy for Python programmers to write non-Python supporting code for interfacing modules in a language which is as close to Python as possible.
</p><p>Python itself only provides a <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> to write extension modules, which allows writing of <a href="Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">functions</a> and <a href="Datatype" class="mw-redirect" title="Datatype">datatypes</a> in C. These can then be accessed from Python. It is possible to wrap the functions and datatypes of existing C <a href="Library_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (computer science)">libraries</a> as Python objects and therefore make them available to Python.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Pyrex allows the user to write extension modules in a Python-like language which may directly access the external C code. The similarity of Pyrex's syntax to Python's makes it easy to write Python modules, but there are some functional limitations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programmer must specify the name of C-header files, <a href="Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">enumerations</a>, datatypes and functions needing to be accessed in the module, then they can be used as if they were Python objects. The Pyrex compiler will generate the necessary glue code automatically and compile the Pyrex code into a working Python module.
</p><p>There are tools like <a href="SWIG" title="SWIG">SWIG</a> or Python's foreign function library <i>ctypes</i> which can be used for this task without requiring much additional code, but this is limited to making an external library available in Python code.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If adjustments to the API are needed, glue code must again be written manually.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-Pyrex_ANN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pyrex_ANN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFgreg_at_cosc2002" class="citation web cs1">greg at cosc (3 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/python/96585#96585">"ANN: Pyrex — a language for writing Python extension modules"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Lutz2006" class="citation book cs1">Mark Lutz (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tN7JAceyJdUC&pg=PA1461"><i>Programming Python</i></a>. <a href="O'Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. p. 1461. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780596554613</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Martelli2009" class="citation book cs1">Alex Martelli (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JnR9hQA3SncC&pg=PA650"><i>Python in a Nutshell</i></a>. <a href="O'Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>. p. 650. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781449379100</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJang_Hyuk_KwonThom_DunningKum_Won_ChoAurore_Savoy-Navarro2010" class="citation book cs1">Jang Hyuk Kwon; Thom Dunning; Kum Won Cho; Aurore Savoy-Navarro (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sxOaIiQgpxoC&pg=PA141"><i>Future Application and Middleware Technology on E-Science</i></a>. <a href="Springer_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer (publisher)">Springer US</a>. p. 141. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781441917195</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWesley_Chun2012" class="citation book cs1">Wesley Chun (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rm0WIhFjFcC"><i>Core Python Applications Programming</i></a>. <a href="Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. p. 385. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780132678209</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~greg/python/Pyrex/">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul>
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